Internal construction for stoves



Dec. 44 1945. I wm -r 7 2,390,483

INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION FOR STOVES AND FURNACES Filed June 19, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Dec. 4, 1945 UNITED STATE PATENT OFFICE INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION JFQR STOVES AND vFURNACES "Paul Winger-t, Montpelier; Ghio Application June 19, 1941, Serial No. 3985785 6 Claims. .(Gl. 126-73) This inventicnrelates to improvements in stoves and 1 furnaces.

"The main objects of this invention are to provide an improved internal-construction for stoves and furnaces; to provide improvements in the construction of stoves and furnaces having a sealed magazine and-asusperded fire brick =lining on two sides of the fire-pot, whereby combustion takes place at grate line and the prod ucts thereof are withdrawn at the grate line; to provide adevice of this character having a suspended fire brick ilining which is' kept heated on both its sides while the stove is in-operation to character wherein the primary draft damper islocated adjacent the upper end of "the device to permit delivery of preheated air to thefire pot from below the grate line; to provide a mag-azine arrangement whereby the gases and the products of combustion-are accumulated before passing out the-:s'tack; topr'ovide a-=combustiori device of this character wherein the velocity of travel of the products; of combustion is 'relative-' 1y slow and completely-under control at all times;

and to provide a stove or furnace which -is-s'im-' ple in construction, substantiallyautomatic inoperation and is more-eflicient and economicalin operation.

An illustrative embodimentof this'invention is shown in the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 isa'top plan view, withthe top-cover removed, of a stove construction embodying-my invention.

Fig. 2 is avertical cross sectional view taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section'al view taken on the lined-3 of Fig; 2.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the rear upper portion of the stove.

Fig. 5 is a perspective viewof oneof the lateral fire bricks. used in the front and rear walls.

Fig. '6 is a perspective view of one of the batfie plates, and

Fig. 7 is a'fragment'aryview taken on the line 1I of Fig. 3 to illustrate the draft slot arrangement.

Referring to" the drawings, my invention is shown *embodiedwithin a stove which comprises a shell ,I preformedto desired size and shape and constructed ofqany suitablematerial such as heavy qsteel; a sealed magazine ,2, the upper part of which is constructed of a metallic cas- 1 ing 3;having the fuel :feed door -14 on its front wall, land-also providedwwith a safety vent ;5 such as a.-s1o t .or a series of apertures, .asillustrated, in its rear wall. The lower part of the magazine is defined by fire bricks 6, I, 8 and .3, forming the side walls and the front and back" walls, respectively, all held in position by suitable brackets In onthe lower margins prthe casing 3. The lower ends of the fire bricks ,6 and! forming :the side walls .are spaced away from the grates and are held in the position" shown in Fig. 2 :by the flange :IJ integrally formed-on zveacheof the lower portions -.of the fire bricks ;.8 and -,9 respective1y,'

toprovideopenings |2-and -l-2' ,which form acornmunication between thelower portion of the magazine Zandthe radiators-|3- and I4 respectively. V

QAset =of .grates 15 are located at -the lower end of the magazine Land are held thereinby suitable brackets 1.5.. Also a .pair .of metallic baflle plates I] and J8 are placed in the lower ends of radiators i3 and I4 .respectivelyas shown in Fig. 2,; .the lower ends of these baffle plates bearingongrate brackets .15 and the upper ends bearing against the-inner walls of theshell 1. Each baffle plate 11 and- IBIis provided with a pair of integrallyiormed, inwardlyprotruding arms 19' and .20 respectively, set at right-angles to the face of the plate; the free ends of (the arms L9 and '2!) bearing? against the outer side of the Walls of firebricks' 6 and 1 respectivelmso as to maintain the bank; plates in their set position.

The angle .at which the baffle plates l1 and I8 are set ,is predetermined as the area of the openings l2 and I2 between the bottom pf .fire bricks Gland I and the face of the battle plates l1 and [8' respectively is definitely affected by the relationship of the angular position of theba'ffle plates to the bottom edges of fire bricks. It will be apparent that the greater the angle; the larger the opening and vice versa. 'It has been found that'the combined area; of both of the openings [2 andfl' should equal the area of the smoke pipe to obtain the"best results. This results in a slow lazy iflame travel through the radiators and, therefore, the products of combustion have more time to give up their heat before reaching the stack.

The distance between the bottoms of the fire bricksfiandland 'the grates 5 is also predetermined. From the results of innumerable experimerits, it has been found that this distance should be between 4 and 8 inches and this dimension is critical to the efficient burning of the fuel.

The draft supply tube 2| is fully described and claimed in my co-pending application Serial No.

The tube 2| is preferably located on the rear Wall the upper end of the tube, as a result of which which they pass through the stack opening 26 of the stove in the manner shown in the drawings, but the tube may, however, be formedji'n or f be as effective as the arrangement illustrated herein.

on either of the side walls of the shell and still into the chimney, not shown.

In order to prevent the fire in the stove from burning at greater than a predetermined rate, I have restricted the primary draft opening 28 by providing a baille plate 38 and an elongated opening 39 of predetermined size leading into the draft tube 2|. The upper margin of the opening isbent inwardly to provide a meansfor directingythe air coming through the primary draft opening, downwardly into the tube 2|. This arrangement provides a reduction of pressure in any gas which may accumulate in the upper portion .of the magazine 2 is drawn into the tube through. the series of small apertures or safety vents '5 formed in the rear wall of the maga- This draft tube 2| is provided withan-outlet 1 opening 22 at its lower end, below the grate line,

where it communicates with the ash pit 23, while the upper end '24 terminates in and forms-a part of the separate'upper chamber 25' -from which the stack connection 26 leads. The draft tube is also provided with a partition plate 21 for separating the air intake inlets 2829 which are located near the topof thestove, in the upper end ofthe tube, and are controlled by a primary draft damper door -30'and"a check damper door 3|, respectively. I l

,The primary draft door 3| and check damper door 3| are controlled-by a unitary thermostatic control device 32 such as illustrated in Fig.4 of the drawings and which is mounted on the side wall-of the draft tube substantially at the level of thecheck inlet 29.' This regulator device is fully described and claimed in Patent No.-

2,30'2,197,'-'granted' to Howard Cf Edwards November 17,1942, for Thermostatic combustion control for stoves'and furnaces.-;- f The control device shown is provided with an arm 33 which is integrally secured to the'free end of a bimetallic coil, not shown, housed within the casing 34. This-coil is subject to expansion and contraction under the 'infiuence'of the heat of the gases passing throughthe chamber 25'and in the devicesh'own is so constructed and arranged that increase inheatywill cause the coil to con tract, and decrease'in heat will cause the coil to expand. 'Upon'contraction of the coil the'arm 33 will move upwardly and the upper edge'of thefree end of that arm will abut againstthe projecting lug 35"01'1 thecheck'daniperdoor3l; and gradually" open th'e'dooiallowing cool" air from "outside of the stove to enter the' upper cham berand break the draft effect of the chimney; or

, flue, not shown; connected at the outlet 26.

As the stove cools the bimetallic element'of the coil expands causing the arm 33 to move downwardly until it abuts against the upper end of'lever 36. This lever is pivoted intermediate its' ends at .31, on the sid'e wall of tube; Upon continued expansion of the coil and, pressure of the am 33 on the upper end'of leve'r'36, the lower end of the lever 36 will Swing upwardly until it abuts a gainstf the lug 3'8 on the'prim'ary draft door 3|! to open saiddoor; "This allows air from the outside of the stove to enter the draft tube 2|, whereupon it drawn downwardly tothe ash pit 23 andthence upwardly through the grates i5 tothe fuel bed. u L, u 1

As combustion takes place on the grateQthe p odu t of ombu t o Wi l. Pa Ofi int t e si passageways or radiators 3 |4, see Fig.2, and he eunwar to-the upper hamber i rsm,

zine.,; Suchgasis normally drawn into the tube 2| and is admixed with the incomin air when the door 30 of primary draft inlet is open. When the draft door. 3|l is closed, such gas is also forced into the tube 2| by the pressure created within creasing combustion efficiency. This preheating occurs as the cool air travels down the length of the tube during which itpicks up some of the heat generated in the fire pot and passing through the fire brick lining. Hence, the incoming air will be warmed before it reaches the grates and prevent, unnecessary co in of the burning fuel bed. This also keepsthe rear walls of the stove relatively. coo1 and'thereby prevents heat from the back-ofthe stove being transferred to room walls, which heat mightbe harmful if the stove were backed up closeto a room wall as is custom- My; in most installations. The tube will'thus function as an insulator as well as a draft tube a d, e n r h a e order to provide for the passage of accumulated gas from the upper portion ofthe magazine 2 into the stack when the feed door 4 is opened, I have provided an auxiliary or safetyby-pass-opening 4| having a pivoted closure plate 42, which is controlled by the opening 'andclosing of the feed door 4 on the inner side of which a. looselyanchored, upwardly and inwardly extendingcarnming arm 43 is attached. It will be apparent that when the feed'door is opened, the plate 42 will swing downwardly automatically by gravity thereby uncovering the opening 4| and allowing any gases accumulatin in the upper portion of, themagazine 2 to flow upwardly into the upper ch-amb er25, and-thence out the stack opening 26. When the feed door is closed, it closes the; by-pass opening 4| automatically. This bypass construction is fully describedand claimed inn y copending applicatiom Serial No; 377,825, filed February 7, 1941, new Patent, No. 2,352,057, for Safety by-pass for stoves and furnacesl; As shown the upper chamber 25'fis defined by a pair-of baffle plates 44 44, the top wall 45 of the magazine- 2 and the cover plate. 46 of the stove. Each of the plates 44 is provided with slot 41 at the rear of its lower marginand'is cut away, .as at 48, at the forward part of its upper margin whereby communication is-had between ene f sem siiqef eih' -rad a o st Pas throughzthese restrictedii openingstto reach the upper chamber "25; hence: providin more time foi' tliei productsiof combustiont'o remain in'radiators and allowingtampleopportunity for them to giv-Iofi theirheat. Th'e-purpose of the'openings 41 iin thebafile plate 4'4 is to afford a more uniform distribution of the products ofcombustion as they pass zthroughithe radiators l3: and I4, thereby obviatingoool vareas in'the upper rear portions of theira'diato'rs.

As themagaz'ine of the stove is completely closed onawtop (wall 45) and: h'as'no direct connection Withethe stack, while the'feed door 4 is closed,- and becausloftthe draft effect of the stack through the'iiradiators" l3=,|4 the gases driven off from the?" heated fuel intne magazine 2; ar drawn downwardlyzfrom above 1 and within the fuel bed, aloii'g-the inner: wallsurfaces o'fthe fire brick and through-the" hot cokeon the grate; and thence through the-side openings I2 where they mix with thetairzcomingi from theash pit chamber 2-3 to COHVEItLfllB gases into a flame.

, The'result i that" the fire bricks 6--1- become veryqhot and the heat thereof cuts the coal in, the? magazine: 2- and causes it to move" downwardlyavery lowly and'easily; thereby preventing thepecoaljfrom freezing up and caking or arching-1 Since there is but slight fuelbed resistance, an extremely low draft of about, .05 inch is all that-iswnecessary in normal operation. Thisresults in-a; slow, lazy fiametravel through the radiators; allowingtmaximum time for the'transfer of heat to the room, and thereby giving lower than average stack temperatures.

Although but one specific embodiment of the invention is herein shown and described. it will be understood that numerous details may be altered or omitted without departing from the spirit of the invenion as defined by the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a stove of the class described, the combination of a shell, a magazine having a, top wall closing the upper end of the magazine, said top Wall and shell forming an upper chamber at the topof the stove, grates defining the bottom of the magazine, said magazine being provided at the grates with openings, an ash pit located below the magazine, radiators arranged outside of the magazine and within said shell and extending from the chamber to said openings and having open ends located thereat, said radiators forming a communication between the chamber and the lower end of a magazine, an elongated down draft tube disposed vertically on the rear wall of said shell and having check and draft dampers positioned thereon adjacent the upper portion of said tube and in close proximity to each other, said check damper having direct communication with said upper chamber, the lower end of said tube having an outlet opening communicatin with said ash pit below said grates, means in said tube separating air entering the check and draft dampers, and common means for actuating said dampers, the lower open ends of said radiators constituting sole outlets for the products of combustion whereby combustion is caused to take place at the grate line only.

2. In a stove of the class described, the combination of a shell, a magazine having a top wall closing the upper end of the magazine, said top wall and shell forming an upper chamber at the top of the stove, grates defining the bottom of said magazine, an ash pit located below said magazine, the latter being provided at the grates with openings, radiators located outside said magazine and '1 within said shell and 1 extending; from the" chamber to :said' openings and having: open 1 lower ends and forming a communication between the chamber and thelower'portionofthe magazine,

i an elongated down draft tube disposed vertically on therear wallof saidshell and-having check and-draft dampers positioned on it adiacentthe upper portion of saidtube'andiin close proximity to'each other, said check damperihaving direct communication ,with said upper chamber; the lower end of said tube: havin anoutlet opening communicating with said ash; pitbelowsaid grates, means in saidtube separatingair entering the checkand draft dampers, and means for actuating said dampers; the open lower ends of the radiators constituting sole outlets for the products of combustionfrom the fire'and' adapted to cause combustion to take place atthe grateline only.- 1

3. In:a:st,ove of the class-described, the com-- bination of a shell, a magazine having a top wall closing the upper end of the magazine, said top wall and shell forming an upper chamber at the top ofthe. stove, afire brick lining defining a fire pot inthe lower portion of, said, magazine, saidfire potbeing providedat-opposite sides with openings located at the bottom of the fire'pot, grates defining thebottomof the magazine and located at said openings, radiators, one on each side of said magazine and provided with open lower ends'and extending from the openings in the firepot to the top chamber and forming a communication betweenthe magazine and said chamber, a vertically disposed downdraft tube having a primary damper at its upper end adjacent the top of the stove and having a discharge opening at its lower end below said grates, a check damper on said tube arranged adjacent said primary draft damper and having direct communication with said upper chamber, a bafile plate in said tube located intermediate said primary draft damper and said check damper, common means for actuating said dampers, the upper end of said magazine having an opening in its wall effecting communication between the magazine and said down draft tube for passage of any gas accumulating in the upper portion of the magazine, the open lower ends of said radiators constituting the sole outlets for the products of combustion from the fire and causing combustion to take place at the grate line only.

4. In a stove of the class described, the combination of a shell, a magazine having a top wall closing the top of the magazine, said top wall and shell forming an upper chamber at the top of the stove, grates defining the bottom of the magazine, an ash pit below said grates, a down draft tube on the outer side of said shell having communication at its lower end with said ash pit, the lower end of said magazine being lined with fire brick to define a fire pot, the lower ends of the side wall fire bricks having openings four to eight inches extending upwardly from the grates, radiators within said shell extending from said upper chamber and having open lower ends located at the openings in the side walls of the fire pot, said radiators forming communication between the magazine and the upper chamber and the open lower ends of the radiators constituting the sole outlets for the products of combustion from the fire and causing combustion to take place at the grate line only, ballle plates extending upwardly from the grates and arranged to restrict said openings, said magazine having safety vents communicating with said tube, primary and check dampers on'said tube adjacent the upper end thereof and located in close proximity to each other, a baffle plate in said tube located intermediate said dampers, and common means for said dampers.

5. In a stove of the class described, the combination of a shell, a magazine having a top wall closing the upper end of said magazine, said top wall and shell forming an upper chamber at the top of the stove, grates defining the bottom of the magazine, said magazine being provided adjacent the grates with openings, an ash pit below the magazine, radiators located outside of said magazine and within said shell and extending downwardly from said chamber and having open lower ends located at said openings and forming a communication between the chamber and the magazine, the open lower ends of the radiators constituting the sole outlets for the products of combustion and causing combustion to take place at the grate line only, an elongated down draft tube disposed vertically on the rear wall of said shell and having check and draft dampers positioned thereon adjacent the upper portion of said tube and in close proximity to each other, said 6. In a stove of the class described, the com-' bination of a shell, a vertical magazine having a top wall closing the upper end of the magazine and spaced from the top of the shell to form an walls'adjacent the open lower ends of said ra-,

diators terminating a predetermined distance above said grates and forming openings providing communication between said magazine and said radiators adjacent the grate line, angularly disposed plates extending upwardly and outwardly from said grates into said radiators to providebottom closures therefor, said plates being so positioned as to predetermine the areas of effective opening between said plates and the lower edges of the fire brick adjacent said radiators, the open lower ends of the radiators constituting the sole outlets for the products of combustion from the fire and causing combustion to take place at the grate line only, a down draft tube on the outside of said shell having a primary damper at its upper end adjacent the top of the stove and having a discharge opening atits lower end below the grates, a check damper on said tube adjacent said primary draft damper having direct communicationwith said upper chamber, and a baffie plate in said tube located intermediate said primary draft damper and said check damper.

PAUL WINGERT. 

